Michael Milken Pleaded Guilty To A Number Of What Are Generally Called

Michael Milken pleaded guilty to a number of what are generally called "white-collar" crimes ? as opposed to "blue-collar" crimes or those Godfather-type underground activities known as "organized crime". But on examination, much of Milken's white-collar work bears a startling resemblance to the methods of organized crime in schematic if not case by case. Milken was no capo, but he certainly applied the general mind set of the gangster to finance. And in doing so, he created a vastly more powerful operation than anything that John Gotti could ever have imagined. After all, what were the greenmail raids of Milken associates Goldsmith, Ichan, Stienberg, Pickens, Boesky, and others except the old protection racket writ very, very large? What were the threats to subvert the finances of target companies except a shakedown, with plenty of immoral complicity by target company management? What was the cleverly planned pillage of the federally insured S&Ls except the familiar criminal tactic of buying a business for pennies (in this case, the trivial equity required to buy a pool of federally insured assets) and then simply stealing its assets instead of operating it as a long-term entity? What was First Executive Corp. except the looting of a financial company to enrich the men who had captured it? What was the demand by Milken for huge slices of equity in the deals he made, the movement of those pieces to him personally, and the fact that those demands were often made at the very last minute except the most fundamental strong-arm tactics? But at an even more basic level, the Milken operation had at its core a basic unethical principal: The quickest and easiest way to make a lot of money is to borrow it and not pay it back. Milken simply raised that principal to a form and scale that were unheard of. There is a passage in the movie Goodfellas in which a restaurant is bought by a Mafia chieftain whose restaurateur-partner hopes for great things. Instead, the Mafia guy (played by Paul Sorvino) buys liquor on the charge account of the restaurant, has it "stolen" and resells it, leaving his partner to go into bankruptcy because he can't pay his liquor bills. If the Paul Sorvino character then claimed he was doing a good thing by looting his partner's restaurant because he was enlarging the demand for stolen liquor and creating new jobs for all of the loaders and lifters who carried it off, that would be Drexel/Milkenism fairly precisely. Indeed, if one imagines that the looted restaurant is a whole series of S&Ls and the defrauded partner is the taxpayer, the parallel seems to be almost precise. Even if the Milken players did not violate ? or at the very least were not prosecuted for violating ? any laws, their tactics bear a striking similarity to those of organized crime. If, at the end of the day, the Drexel player (or any other businessman) has enriched himself while draining the assets of a company to which he has a fiduciary obligation, that is at the very least highly organized misconduct. Drexel and Milken and many other confederates cannot, of course, be compared for evil-doing with the likes of Al Capone or Legs Diamond or "Lepkele" Buchalter, but in the basic approach to the conduct of business, they certainly borrowed far more from the captains of crime than from the captains of industry and finance like Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, and J. P. Morgan. That is, while the steel barons of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries enriched themselves wildly out of any scale of fairness to their stockholders or employees, at the end of the line they left the l argest and best and most profitable steel manufacturing facilities in the world. Milken and his entourage could hardly make such a claim. At the end of their line, they had enriched only themselves, leaving vast sectors of American business and industry reeling. The true similarity between Milkenism and organized crime can be found in the mind set of Michael Milken and his colleagues and the use of the underworld tactics of the con and the shakedown, the swindle and the heist, in the world of finance on a national

How to Create a Resume Packed with Action Words

How to Create a Resume Packed with Action Words Action. Romance. Intrigue. These aren’t words you’d usually associate with resume-writing, but they’ve got your attention, right? When you write anything, you want it to be as interesting to the reader as possible. And that’s doubly true for your resume- you want it to pop so that the recruiter or hiring manager looks at your resume in a field of similar ones and thinks, â€Å"This person needs to come in for an interview.† And while your resume doesn’t need to be written like an action movie to get attention, you could take some of this concept to heart as you get ready to revamp your resume. One of the easiest and most effective ways to improve your resume has nothing to do with the format or bells and whistles- it comes down to good old-fashioned writing. If you choose strong verbs throughout, you can convey a lot of information with a small handful of words, saving precious, precious space on your resume and saving the reader some time an d energy by getting right to the point.It may have been a while since your last round of grammar lessons, so let’s do a quick recap of what you need to know when writing your resume.1.  Generic Verbs  2. Action Verbs vs. Passive Verbs  3.  Rewriting with Action Words  Generic VerbsVerbs are words that convey an action. I came, I saw, I conquered. In a resume, they tell the reader what you currently do and what you’ve done in your career.If you look at your resume, there are probably a number of perfectly cromulent verbs that describe your career up to this point: managed, was responsible for, organized, handled. There’s nothing technically wrong with these words, but there are a couple of reasons why they’re not ideal for your resume 2.0.1. They’re super-common 95% of the resumes that come through for any given job opening are going to have the same exact words. And you want to stand out from that crowd, don’t you?2. They donâ€⠄¢t actually say muchGreat, you were responsible for sales reports. What did you do with them? Did you process them? Analyze them? Use them to make paper airplanes? Any information that’s left vague will leave the reader with an incomplete picture. That’s a gap that will need to be addressed in the interview, if you’re lucky enough to get to that step. More likely, the reader’s gaze has skipped right over the generic statement about your sales report experience.Active Verbs vs. Passive VerbsWhen thinking about the verbs in your resume, another important point to consider is the voice. Is this an active verb (showing direct action) or a passive verb (showing how action was done to you/someone/something)? Let’s try a quick example.I was given the 2015 Employee of the Year award.  ORI won the 2015 Employee of the Year award.Now, the difference is subtle, but in the first example, you’re a passive participant, like you just happened to catch t he award as it passed by. In the second example, you went out and won that award because you deserved it, darn it!You want your resume to convey a confident voice, and strong verbs (the ones that show specific, decisive action) are a shortcut to that confidence. This may require a bit of unlearning what you always thought true of resumes. I know that personally, I once thought that formal and complicated language was the way to go on a resume. After all, I wanted them to know I was dignified and articulate, and what better way to do that than revert to a kind of super-formal, fancy-sounding prose? (I will neither confirm nor deny that one of my earliest cover letters included the phrase â€Å"good day, sir or madam.†)It’s kind of human nature to think that extra words = high-quality. But you don’t necessarily need to hold onto that kind of thinking. Now that resumes are read on screens more than on paper, you have less space, and less attention to your words on the page. You want to make the most of that opportunity. There’s no reason to sacrifice direct, accurate information for the sake of a â€Å"traditional† voice.What it comes down to is that the person reading your resume is not the strict 8th grade English teacher of your nightmares. The person is a regular reader, who likely has little time to sit down and read a treatise on what you were responsible for handling and organizing in your previous three jobs. Really, he or she just wants to know what you’ve done, how you express yourself, and that you can show how qualified you are up front. The more straightforward you can make that process, the more likely you are to catch the right kind of attention.Rewriting with Action WordsBefore you go into your resume with a surgeon’s scalpel for revisions, take a look at what you already have in the current version of your resume. (Or, if this is your first time creating a resume, look at the list of bullet points you want to import.) Go through carefully, and underline every verb you see. At each one, ask yourself, is this verb as specific as it could be? Is it active or passive? Could it be more interesting? Once you have your roadmap of verbs to update, you can start thinking about words that would work better instead.You don’t need to replace every single word in your resume. For example, sometimes organized is the best word to describe what you did, but the important part is taking a closer look at every bullet point on your resume and seeing which ones could be better. It’s crucial toNow let’s walk through some alternatives to common resume verbs.Leadership Verbs  These are words that show how you’ve led and managed tasks and/or people.Instead of:Try one of these:LedChairedDirectedMotivatedCoachedCultivatedManagedControlledEnabledEnforcedCoordinatedExcuted  Ã‚  Service VerbsWords that flesh out your experience working with clients or other stakeholders in your previous jobs.  Instead of:Try one of these:Communicated WithArbitratedEnabledDealt WithClarifiedExplainedSupportedConsultedFacilitatedFieldedInformed  Communication VerbsWords that show how you’ve presented information throughout your career.  Instead of:Try one of these:CommunicatedAuthoredConveyedRelayedBriefedConvincedSpoke toCampaignedCorrespondedWrote AboutInformedCritiqued  Analysis VerbsWords that convey your ability to parse and process information.Instead of:  Ã‚   Try one of these:AnalyzedAssessedAuditedInvestigatedQuantifiedDeterminedEvaluatedExploredMappedTestedimprovedIdentifiedInterpretedQualified  Innovation VerbsWords that show creativity and initiative.Instead of:                 Try one of these:ImprovedAssembledConvertedOrganizedCustomizedCreated  When you’re evaluating your resume to see which word fits the best, make sure that you’re using the right word. The last thing you want to do is use words inaccuratel y. It could give the reader an incorrect impression about your experience, or if it’s just plain wrong, could give the reader pause about whether you know what you’re talking about. If you have doubts about any word, don’t feel obligated to include it. A quick search online should tell you if you’re using it correctly, if you need backup. This is yet another spot where a resume buddy comes in handy: a trusted pair of eyes can help you identify action words that don’t seem quite right, or ones that need a little sprucing up.Once you’ve selected the perfect verb for each bullet point, make sure you go through and present them all the same way (also known as parallel construction). This means that all of your verbs are in the past tense (for previous jobs) or present tense (for your current job), and are presented similarly from section to section in your resume.For example:Working with clientsI revised the filing system for the entire Omaha br anch office.Was responsible for leading the Social Activities Committee.These are kind of all over the place- you want them to be consistent. The best way is to lead with the action word. You don’t need subjects like â€Å"I,† because the reader already knows you’re talking about yourself. Better to cut to the chase.Revised approach:Liaised with clientsRevamped the filing system for the entire Omaha branch office to include digital record managementChaired the Social Activities CommitteeRemember: you want your resume to be a lean, mean machine, with the most important information about your career and your readiness for the job clear to the reader. Any reader, which means the paper reader, the busy digital reader, and the no-attention-span reader. Clean, clear, and concise will always get you where you want to be.Happy wordsmithing!

CAN bus technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

CAN bus technologies - Essay Example This caused many problems in the after sales repairs as each of the models had a different set of wiring, which meant qualified and trained staff to work out the repairs or even the general maintenance. The intermingling of the wires was also causing problems. Hence, a need was felt to have the vehicle control system that will eliminate largely the number of connectors and the resultant wiring problem. This need gave birth to the invention of CAN bus technology. Mr. Robert Bosch introduced the CAN bus system for the first time at a SAE congress in 1986 at Detroit. This resulted in the vehicle wiring getting reduced up to 2Kms. Thus, the overall weight of the vehicle was reduced up to 50 Kgs. In a vehicle like BMW 850 coupe Controller Area Network serial bus system, called as CAN bus technology is designed to support multi master access, while handling short messages up to 8 bytes. While this means that collusions get resolved by priority, the system offers high degree of reliability also, by having 15 bit CRC for every message. Since itd introduction at Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), there have been many further innovations in the CAN technology. While Intel developed CAN chip 82526 and Philips also developed semiconductor 82C200 as a CAN controller, there are about 20 chip manufacturers catering to this technology now. CAN technology being purely a data link layer implementation program, it became quite popular for use in various capital equipment like textile machinery, apart from its original use in passenger cars and other transport vehicles. However, this further gave rise to the need of having standards for these layer implementations and data exchange programs. Apart from the above, standardization like EN50325 have enabled application layers now to be used in different kinds of machine controls with the use of components like DeviceNet and CANopen. Both these are addressing different applications. While CANopen is useful for almost

Position Paper on Achilles (As the Hero) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Position Paper on Achilles (As the Hero) - Essay Example In Greek mythology honor meant courage, integrity in ones belief and actions and honesty of intent. Achilles fulfills all of them whereas we see that Hector is unable to stand his ground in trying to fight for his people. In book 22, Hector was the single Trojan left outside Troy. His father, Priam, stands guard observing the battleground from the Trojan fortifications. He pleads with Hector to come inside. We then see that Hector contemplates finding a less damaging solution by giving over Helen of troy, who was the fountainhead of the war, and with her the treasures that Alexandrus bought, in order to settle with Achilles. But he still stands guard deciding that Achilles would not be merciful. However, the sight of Achilles at the gates struck fear in the heart of Hector who fled with Achilles in hot pursuit. Hector runs the length of troy thrice, trying to rid himself of Achilles. Meanwhile in Olympus Zeus, watched this chase and pitied the noble Hector who had ‘burned many a heifer’ in his honor and considers saving him. Minerva (Athena) then flares up saying that if her father wishes to alter the prophesied fate of Hector then she would not be of mind with him. In response to Athena’s disapproval, Zeus urges her to descent from Olympus and fulfill Hectors predefined fate. Then at last as the two warriors were approaching the fountains of Troy for the fourth Troy, Zeus balanced his golden scales and placed on each end the fate of Achilles and Hector, whereby Hectors scale fell into the depths of Hades. We witness then that Athena goes to Achilles relays news of his upcoming victory and informs him of her plan to trick Hector. Athena then appears near Hector disguised as Deiphobus and convinces Hector to face Achilles with Deiphobus by Hectors side. When Hector finally faces Achilles he pledges not to mistreat his body if Achilles is slain and return it to the Achaeans, in turn for a return favor incase Hector meets his end. Achilles refu ses to bind himself in any such pledges and tried to strike his spear at Hector. But Hector managed to avoid it. In retaliation Hector, with remarkable aim, hurls his spear at Achilles but it bounces off his armor. When Hector turns to Deiphobus to ask for another spear he finds that his brother has disappeared and then it dawns on him that Minerva has tricked him to his doom. Hector, nevertheless, wants to die a glorious death and swoops upon Achilles with a sword. Achilles moves forward for an attack as well and having spotted the exposed collarbone of Hector through the armor he pierces his neck. As the last breathe leaves him Hector asks for his body to be sent to his parents instead of being devoured at the banks of the Achaen ships but Achilles does not honor his request and ridicules him. Following this the Achaen soldiers wounded the body of Hector and his body was then dragged in dirt by the chariot of Achilles. The city mourns for their hero as Hectors father, mother and w ife go manic with grief. An example of a show of honor is when Achilles shows immense resolve and righteousness for his cause as Hector nears his end. While Hector lay bleeding, he tries to entice Achilles with promises of gold and treasure if Achilles would return Hectors body to his people. Earlier when Hector asks Achilles to deliver his body to his city if he dies, he replies: â€Å"Hector stop! You unforgivable you †¦ don’t talk to me of pacts. There are no binding oaths between men and lions –

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Business Environment - Essay Example The firm has developed its brand through the high quality food and service that it offers to all its customers. The firm has been able to capture a desirable percentage of market shares in terms of food market and on the other hand Waitrose has also gained its importance in the organic food market and fish market. This British supermarket chain which is partnership firm has an employee base of 91,000 (Randall and Seth, 2011).The organization operates on the concept of centralized decision making. Albam a small high street retailer was founded by Alastair Rae and James Shaw who have proved to be great partners through their decision making approach and strategy formulation. Both of them worked together with all its workers so as to deliver the best services to all its customers and position themselves as a strong brand in the market (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2011).The retail business of Albam is focused towards developing sophisticated and practical menswear that is aligned with the ever changing fashion scenario. The small retailer has extended its branches into two other locations in London. The business ownership structure of this small retail firm is that the owners and staff aim at providing personal service to all its customers. The staffs get feedback from the customers and on that basis they develop their designs so that they are able to retain their customers and create more of timeless fashion (Menipaz and Menipaz, 2011).Thus it can be stated that ownership structu re of Waitrose which is a big firm, is completely different with that of a small firm such as Albam. In case of Albam the focus towards customer loyalty and dealing individually with customers but on the other hand the owners of Waitrose are more aligned towards smooth running of the subsidiary by enhancing their level of service through providing online facilities to all its customers (Heskett, Sasser

Stakeholder Analysis

Stakeholder Analysis 1. Briefly describe the seven steps of stakeholder analysis A. map stakeholder relationship Before the stakeholder relationship has been made, there are some questions that will be asked for analysis and identifying major stakeholder. The stakeholder to be selected must knowledgeable, current and close to the source of the issue at hand. The stakeholder analysis is only as valid and reliable as the sources and the processes use to obtain the information. For example, if the Mattel’s recalls, you would place the Mattel Inc. in the centre stakeholder box and then continue identifying the other groups involved with that issue. B. map stakeholder coalitions After identify and make a map of the stakeholders who is going to involved in the firm in the incident addressed, this step is to determine and map any coalitions that have formed. The coalition among the stakeholder is important. Interest groups and lobbyists sometimes join force against a common ‘enemy’. If the numbers of the advantages is seeing by, the competitor may join force. Mapping actual and potential coalitions around issues can help the CEO anticipate and design strategic responses toward these groups before or after they form. C. assess the nature of each stakeholders interest There are four types of stakeholders the CEO may face in the company. That is supportive, non-supportive, mixed blessing and marginal. The supportive and the non-supportive will against the CEO. While the mixed blessing and the marginal, the CEO are less sure for their support for the strategy. The opening example like Mattel, if you are the CEO, along with his staff, you might determine that the support of Mattel would be many. Non-supportive stakeholders or those who may include some shareholders and their lawyers, the Chinese government, members of the U.S. government, the victims and their families, consumers, competitors and the media. The interest of these stakeholders is varying. By systematically, completing this audit, as a CEO in facing the crisis, it can create a broader or more objective picture in the situation faced. D. assess the nature of each stakeholders power There are eight types of power that different stakeholders exert, first, voting power, the ability of stakeholders to exert control through strength in numbers. Second, political power where the ability to influence decision making processes and agendas of republic and private organizations and institutions. The third is economic power, which the ability to influence by control over resources either monetary or physical. Forth, the technological power where the ability to influence innovations and decisions through uses of technology. The fifth is the legal power by the ability to influence laws, policies and procedure. The sixth is the environment power, where the ability to impact the nature. The seventh is the culture power, the ability to influence values, norms and habit of people and organizations and the last one is the power over individuals and groups. This is the ability to influence particular, targeted persons and groups through different forms persuasions. For instances, the Mattel suggests that shareholders, number of congress and individual constituent have voting power over the Mattel policies and officers jobs and responsibilities. In that case, the Chinese contractors and government representatives the economy power over the Mattel expenses and profit. While the U.S. government also use the political power for the Mattel’s operating and manufacturing polices and the process. E. construct a matrix of stakeholder moral responsibilities This step is to determine the responsibilities and moral obligations for company have to each stakeholder. A matrix of stakeholder has their own responsibilities. For example, the Mattel’s CEO may see the firm’s economic responsibility to the owner to preventing as many costly lawsuits as possible. Legally, the CEO may want to protect the owners and the executive team from liability and damage. This would entail proactively negotiating disputes outside the courts. Ethically, the CEO may keep the company’s stockholders and owners current regarding his or her ethical thinking and strategies to show responsibility toward all stakeholders. To complete the matrix in this stage, the ethical principles can be referring to follow as: utilitarianism (weighing costs and benefits), universalism (showing respect and concern for human beings), rights (recognizing individual liberties and privileges under laws and constitutions), justice (observing the distribution of burdens and benefits of all concerned). In this stage, the CEO might advise shareholders to show responsibility by publicly announcing their plans for resolving the problem. F. develop specific strategic and tactics After get the result from the preceding steps, it can continue to outline specific strategies and tactics that wish to use with each stakeholder. Firstly, a CEO should consider whether to approach each stakeholder directly or indirectly. Secondly, need to decide whether to do nothing, monitor, or take an offensive or defensive position. Third is determine whether to accommodate negotiate, manipulate, resist, avoid or ‘wait and see’. Finally, the CEO can decide what combination of strategies those want to comply to achieve the goal. G. monitor shifting coalitions In this stage, the time and the event can change the stakes and the stakeholders and their strategic. Tracking external trends and events and the resultant stakeholder strategies can help CEO and his or her team act and react accordingly. This dynamics process that occurs over time and is affected by the strategic and action that a CEO and the team direct with each stakeholder group as events occur. Decisions of a CEO are influenced by how effective the stakeholders respond and the CEO team strategic and action. A CEO would typically follow the utilitarian ethic of weighing costs and benefits of all your strategies and actions toward each major stakeholder group. If the CEO neglecting the public, the company ‘bottom line’ can be affect. By following the Mattel case, when you see the child who is harmed or may be at risk, you might have attempted to take care of each child. You may recall the manufacture at China, then plan meeting with the person in charged and pay a vis it to the victim families to show the concern about the case and to protect the company image and reputation going forward. 2. Explain the diagnostic typology of organizational stakeholders The diagnostic typology of organizational stakeholders can be separate into two classes and four types. For the classes, the low class is the supportive and the marginal while the high class is mixed blessing and non-supportive. The diagnostic typology of organizational stakeholders shows two dimensions, that is potential for treat and potential for cooperation. The type one is the ideal strategic for the focus corporation. Type 1 is the supportive stakeholder with a low potential for threat and high potential for cooperation. Here the strategy of the focus company is to involve the supportive stakeholder. In contrast, the is a non-supportive stakeholder who show the high supportive for threat and a low potential for cooperation. The type four stakeholders is mixed blessing. The mixed blessing is with a high potential for threat and cooperation. In this situation, the stakeholder could become the supportive or non-supportive. And the last one is the type two, the marginal stakeholder . This stakeholder has a low potential for both threat and cooperation. This kind of stakeholder may not be interested in the issue of concern. 3. Discuss the 7-phase issue development process using an example Seven phase issue development process are felt need, media coverage, interest group development and growth, leading political jurisdictions, federal government attention, legislation and regulation and litigation. The first is a felt need arises; this is for emerging events, advocacy groups. The second is media coverage. The media coverage is developing such as the television segment like news, internet, or the newspaper and other news and blogging sources. The third is the interest development gains momentum and grows. The fourth is the policies. These policies are adopted by leading political jurisdictions for cities, states and country. The federal government gives the attention to the issue occurred. The federal government have the responsible to hearing and the studies for the cases. The sixth is the issues and policies evolve into the legislation and regulation and the last one is issues and policies enter litigation. In the Mattel’s company, the CEO and the top level te am is use this framework to anticipate and prevent the recalls and also respond to the public about the cases. The Mattel toy recalls and its partnership with the Chinese contractors and subcontractors the outsourcing debate in general is related to the topic to analyse by using the second issue frame work that is media coverage. There is an article which is written by Christopher Clott’s with the title â€Å"Perspectives on Global Outsourcing and the Changing Nature of Work†. This article provided the excellent background information. These seven steps are useful in identifying and following the public issues like the Mattel’s Inc. faced. 4. Describe the 4-stage issue life cycle approach There are four stages in life cycle, which is social expectation, political issues, legislation and social control. The first step is social expectation and the awareness. In this process, it is about the social discussion and debate. The societal awareness is low at first and approached the highest at stage there that is legislative engagement and decrease when it reaches the stage four. The social awareness is like the emerging the events, advocacy books and so on. In the event, they will discuss about the problem occurred and debate about the problem. The interest group will pay the attention if the problem is related to them. The second of the stage of life cycle is the political awareness. The political awareness involved the media attention and the hearing is held. In this stage, is include the incorporate of the media coverage available in the country, the interest group development and growth and the leading political jurisdictions adopt policies. The third phase is the legis lative engagements which are law passed, legal involvement and regulations enacted. And the last stage is social control and litigation. This are include the compliance issues, legal conflict and court rulings. 5. Identify and explain the 4-stage approach to crisis management Crisis management is a method that to study how corporation and leaders respond to the crisis faced. By using this method, it is essential for understanding and possibly preventing the future fiascos because crises is continue to occur year by year. There are the four stages for crisis management. That is prodramal, acute, chronic and conflict resolution. The prodromal or pre-crisis is also known as the warning stage. The second stage still can proceed although this stage is not recognized or does not actually occur, but is requiring the damage control. For the example, Mattel experienced several recalls with its Chinese subcontractors. First recall is given by sending a warning sign that issues existed. Represented from the Mattel let the subcontractor takes blame at first. In the second stage, acute crisis which mean the damage has been done. This stage is use to control the damage as much as possible. This is the short stage among the four stages. In 2005, a toddler died from inge sting a magnet from a Mattel toy that was manufactured in China. Since there is no laws governing this type of incident, Mattel had not considered the risk faced. The third stage is the chronic crisis. The chronic crisis is also mean clean up stage. This is a period of recovery, self-analysis, self-doubt and healing. In this process, the congressional investigations, audits and interviews occurred. The final stage is crisis resolution. This stage is the goal of crisis management. In this stage, it is about what is the best solution for the problem occurred.

The Constitution and The Articles of Confederation Essay -- bankrupt,

Bankrupt, and on her knees for solutions, America was in a state of distress. Politicians alike recognized that The Articles of Confederation, adopted in 1777, desperately needed revision as well as modification. Under the Articles, a Continental Congress had been shaped, which was allocated virtually no authority to collect revenue, handle domestic affairs, or control commercial trade. Shortly after the Revolutionary War, America, had no way of compensating soldiers, or honoring investors and foreign nations for their loans. Losing faith in the nation as a whole, the States asked the Continental Congress to organize the Constitutional Convention. Held in Philadelphia from May 14th to September 17th of 1787, fifty-five delegates from nation-wide convened at the capital to amend the voids never addressed in the original federal document. The Articles, was identical to a poorly tailored quilt. The entire quilt and each individual pattern, symbolized the unification of the fe deral and state governments. However, the quilt was tattered, and the seams frayed. The power of the federal government was reliant solely on the compliance of every state government. The founding father divided themselves into two parties, the Federalist, and the Anti-Federalist. The Anti-Federalist desired to patch and reinforce the Articles, while the Federalist supported the creation of a completely new quilt, the Constitution. Both parties argued upon hours on end, unable to answer the various fundamental questions such as, â€Å"How much power should be given to a central government?†, and â€Å"How should a central government function?†. For four months, the delegates debated how to promise rightful liberty to a nation, while promising stability, and pote... ... to recognize their own strength, as well as attempting to act in unison. Moreover, in the presence of immoral or dishonorable intentions, men would fail to communicate or assemble because doubt, and distrust would be incarnated â€Å"in proportion to the number whose concurrence is necessary.† Federalists not only the Constitution keep the Union secure, but Hamilton claimed that it would also amend the current issues regarding debt (Madison). Hamilton argued that commerce of the states should be managed in the hands of â€Å"a government capable of regulating, protecting, and extending the commerce of the Union.† Thus giving the general government a chance to relieve the Union’s post-war debt. Also, that failure to ratify the Constitution may incite a, â€Å"reunion with Britain,† most likely, â€Å"by the establishment of a son of the present monarch, George III (Hamilton).†